Intel® Core™2 Extreme quad-core processor

When more is better-with four processing cores the Intel Core 2 Extreme processor delivers unrivaled¹ performance for the latest, greatest generation of multi-threaded games and multimedia apps.Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry to deliver even greater performance and power efficiency. The Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor QX9770 running at 3.2 GHz delivers the best possible experience for today's most demanding users.* 12 MB of total L2 cache * 1600 MHz front side busIntel® Core™2 Extreme mobile processorExperience the world's highest performing mobile processor². Bar none. Now you have the performance to play the latest multi-threaded games anywhere, with the Intel® Core™2 Extreme dual-core mobile processor X9000.* 6 MB of shared L2 cache * 800 MHz front side busNow every new Mac ships with an Intel processor. Experience delightful responsiveness from the smallest Mac mini to the most beefed-up Mac Pro. Use one of more than 7,000 universal applications that take full advantage of the Intel chip. Run programs from your PowerPC-based Mac in translation. Powered by Intel chips, your new Mac will do all those things that only Macs can do — and do so at an astonishing level of performance.IntelThe new Mac core Every Mac uses a chip based on Intel Core technology, the next generation in processor design from the world’s leading chip maker. The result of massive R&D effort involving thousands of engineers. An entire collection of revolutions shrunk into an unimaginably small space, consuming less energy, too. Two cores work together to share resources, and are designed to conserve power when their functions aren’t required. Whether in an ultra-sleek MacBook, or workstation class Mac Pro, Intel Core technology lets you get more power with less power.Mac Pro and Final Cut StudioFour on the floorAnd that means pure creative exhilaration with four 64-bit cores inside the new Mac Pro. The Core-based Intel Xeon is so power efficient, that Apple engineers were able to remove the liquid cooling system from the previous Power-PC based model. Which means you can load up the Mac Pro with more cards, more hard drives, more memory. So you can do more with Final Cut Studio, Aperture, Logic Pro, and the growing number of universal applications for creative professionals.Intel Core DuoDual-roarThe Intel Core 2 Duo is actually two processors (cores) engineered onto a single chip — offering virtually twice the computational power of a traditional single processor in the same space. With two cores tightly integrated, increased L2 cache, and a host of engineering breakthroughs, the Intel Core 2 Duo delivers higher performance for all the things you do — from enhancing the family photos to rendering special effects for a feature film.

Inet

Processor Number1 Speed Size Bus Power Switching..
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor X5365 3.00 GHz 8 MB 1333 MHz 120W Yes
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor X5355 2.66 GHz 8 MB 1333 MHz 120W Yes
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor E5345 2.33 GHz 8 MB 1333 MHz 80W Yes
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor E5335 2.00 GHz 8 MB 1333 MHz 80W No
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor E5320 1.86 GHz 8 MB 1066 MHz 80W Yes
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor E5310 1.60 GHz 8 MB 1066 MHz 80W No
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor L5335 2.00 GHz 8 MB 1333 MHz 50W No
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor L5320 1.86 GHz 8 MB 1066 MHz 50W No
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor L5310 1.60 GHz 8 MB 1066 MHz 50W No

At Intel, our processor series numbers help differentiate processor features beyond front-side bus (FSB) speed and brand name. New advancements in our processors — other than bus speed — like number of cores, architecture, cache, power dissipation, and embedded Intel technologies, contribute significantly to performance, power efficiency, and other end-user benefits. Our processor sequences will help developers decide on the best processor for their platform designs, and help end-users understand all the characteristics that contribute to their overall experience.

Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series delivers the most headroom and performance of any two-processor general-purpose server, so you can confidently consolidate applications onto fewer systems using proven industry-standard virtualization solutions. With the highest performance per watt of our Intel® Xeon® processors, you can virtualize environments onto dense 1U rack and blade form factors with fewer cooling challenges, giving you more performance and services per square foot.Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series integrates virtualization hardware support with Intel Virtualization Technology, which enables more efficientvirtualization solutions and greater capabilities including 64-bit guest operating system support. Thenew Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 includesnew Intel VT extensions around interrupt handlingthat will further optimize virtualization software efficiency. 5 A growing number of independent softwarevendors (ISV) and original equipment manufacturers(OEM) support virtualization on Intel VirtualizationTechnology-enabled platforms through the Intel and VMware Virtualize ASAP program, the industry’s first and only collaborative, global effort to deliver optimized virtualization solutions and practices to IT professionals and companies. The 64-bit computing of the Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series gives you additional application headroom, memory flexibility, and increased security for virtual and dedicated environments. By supporting larger data sets and both 32- and 64-bit applications,Dual-Core and Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor-based servers and workstations allow the smooth migrationof your business to 64-bit applications. And, withmillions of 64-bit processors already shipped, youknow you can depend on Intel’s proven track recordto help you make a smooth transition to the nextlevel of computing.

With 4 cores, large 8 MB of on-die L2 cache,2 and the performance-enhancing and energyefficient technologies of the Intel Core microarchitecture, the Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series helps IT departments maximize performance and density with fewer cooling challenges. Many server applications are wellthreaded as a result of years of running in symmetric multi-processing environments.Well-threaded server applications will benefit from more cores, larger cache, and higher throughput and memory apacity of Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series-based servers and the Intel Core microarchitecture.

Two-processor platforms based on the Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 53001 series and the Intel® Core™ microarchitecture help companies maximize data center performance and density, while reducing cooling challenges. Platforms based on Intel’s new quad-core technology make it easier to deliver more business services in existing facilities, or condense applications for more efficient operations at lower total cost of ownership (TCO).Two-processor platforms based on the Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series deliver 8-thread, 32- and 64-bit processing capabilities with 8 MB of L2cache per processor,2 providing more computing for threaded applications in a variety of deployments. The Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series is ideal for the densest of computing environments where best performance and performance per watt are key requirements. Supported by the Intel® 5000 chipset family and Fully Buffered DIMM (FBDIMM) technology, Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor 5300 series-based platforms are expected to deliver breakthroughperformance with better power efficiency, delivering up to 1.5 times the performance compared to leading Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 5100 series in the same power envelope and up to 2.4 times the performancecompared to the best published results of AMD Opteron* Model 2222.3

Chipsets

The following chipsets for the Dual-Core and Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 5000 sequence-based two-processor platforms enable highly balanced systems, with up to 21 GB/s throughput from processor to memory and I/O,atching the improved processor performance and advanced FBDIMM memory technology. These chipsets incorporate dualindependent, dedicated FSBs, FBDIMM support for up to 64 GB of memory capacity with advanced reliability and data availability features, and up to 16 lanes (x16) of PCI Express*.

Intel & iPhone

Intel distanced itself from criticism of Apple's iPhone made by executives at the company's Intel Developer Forum conference in Taipei, saying the comments were not appropriate. The chip maker also acknowledged its own products weren't yet suitable for such a product.Earlier this week, Intel executives Shane Wall and Pankaj Kedia described the iPhone as slow and said the popular handset wasn't able to run the "full Internet" because it uses an Arm processor, instead of an Intel chip. The executives comments -- which neglected to note that Intel doesn't make a low-power processor capable of powering a handset like the iPhone -- were reported by ZDNet Australia, causing consternation within Intel's PR ranks.

Intel's low-power Atom processor does not yet match the battery life characteristics of the Arm processor in a phone form factor; and, that while Intel does have plans on the books to get us to be competitive in the ultra low power domain -- we are not there as yet," the statement said.

The comments by Wall and Kedia are at odds with other statements by Intel executives, who generally lavish praise on the iPhone for its design and success in giving users easy access to the Internet. The remarks may have also put Intel in a difficult spot with Apple, since Intel is widely believed to be hopeful that Apple will use its low-power processors in future products.THIS WEEK CURRENT NEWS*Microsoft's chief financial officer outlined a three-part plan the company will undertake to weather the current economic crisis, which spurred Microsoft to lower its revenue and earnings expectations for fiscal 2009 on Thursday.

*Sun hasn't had much good news to report lately, so it wasn't surprising that it went into spin mode Thursday after startup company Arista Networks announced that it had snared Andreas Bechtolsheim, Sun's chief scientist and a highly regarded systems designer, to be its chief development officer.

*Microsoft at its Professional Developers Conference in Los Angeles next week will expand access to its Surface SDK for building applications for its surface computing platform.

*Amazon Thursday announced that after two years in beta mode, its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) cloud computing service is now generally available. At the same time, the company said the hosted service is adding beta-level support for Microsoft Windows and SQL Server.

* Intel's upcoming Calpella platform, which is due next year, focuses primarily on energy efficiency and battery life.

Intel® Intelligent Power

With new hafnium-based circuitry and up to 6MB L2 cache, you can multitask compute-intensive applications up to 2x as fast, while the new Intel® HD Boost gives you up to 50 percent more speed for hi-def multimedia applications.¹ Plus, you'll enjoy a 3x performance improvement for a super-enhanced hi-def video experience and smoother playback with VC-1 hardware acceleration and optional Intel® Graphics Technology.Intel® Intelligent Power Capability gives you breakthrough enabled battery life so you can stay unplugged longer. The low-leakage, hafnium-based 45nm processor delivers unrivaled energy efficiency while Deep Power Down Technology lets you save power by using it only when you need it. No matter where you're at, you'll have the battery power you need to enjoy DVDs, hours of music, the coolest games, and much more. Plus, with built-in wireless connectivity, you can connect to public Wi-Fi networks around the globe, no wires attached

Why Core2Duo ?

1. Outstanding dual-core performance
With its two execution cores, the Intel Core Duo processor is optimized for multi-threaded applications and multitasking. You can simultaneously run multiple demanding applications such as graphics-intensive games or serious number-crunching programs - while downloading music or running virus-scanning security programs in the background.

2. Power efficiency :
Demand for greater power efficiency in computing is on the rise from desktop to laptop PCs. With an Intel Core Duo processor, you get a balance of great dual-core computing capabilities and power savings. Its enhanced voltage efficiency supports cooler and quieter system designs as compared to traditional desktop and laptop PCs. And thanks to the innovative energy efficient technologies built-in, the Intel® Core™ Duo processor is able to transfer power only to those areas of the processor that need it, thereby enabling laptops to save power and desktops to have thinner, sleeker designs.

3. A vibrant media experience :
The Intel Core Duo processor enables your Intel® Core™2 processor with Viiv™ technology and Intel® Centrino® processor technology multimedia experience to be all the more vibrant. Featuring Intel® Digital Media Boost, the Intel® Core™ Duo processor enables accelerating technologies for applications such as CAD tools, 3D and 2D modeling, video editing, digital music, digital photography and gaming. This is one of the key ingredients that help Intel® Core™2 processor with Viiv™ technology and Intel® Centrino® processor technology to give you a truly rich multimedia experience.

4. Smarter, more efficient design :
The Intel Core Duo processor features Intel® Smart Cache which helps deliver a smarter and more efficient cache and bus design to enable enhanced dual-core performance, and power savings.

Motorola RISC

The Motorola 68060 is much faster than its predecessor, mainly due to higher clock speed, superscalar design, larger instruction and data caches and branch prediction. Under the best conditions the 68060 can execute one integer instruction and one Floating-Point instruction per clock cycle, or up to 2 integer instructions and one branch instruction per clock cycle. Not all integer instructions can be executed simultaneously. Also, the CPU cannot execute the instructions out of order.

Supervisor mode of the Motorola 68060 CPU differs from the 68040 due to changes in exception processing. User mode of the Motorola 68060 is object-compatible with MC68040, assuming that the CPU uses special software to simulate a few instructions that were present in 68040 CPU and are missing in MC68060.The 68060 CPU uses lower voltage - 3.3 Volt as opposed to 5 Volt for 68040. Lower core voltage directly translates into lower CPU power requirements. For example, 68060 66 MHz dissipates as much power as 68040 33 MHz. In addition to lower voltage the 68060 includes other power-saving features, such as powering down individual chip units when they are not in use, and ability to stop the clock while saving the contents of CPU registers.

How Athlon 64 works ?

In the preceding chapter, we have the internal architecture of standard processors. We will see in this chapter the architecture of Athlons 64 bits (Athlon 64 - Athlon FX and Opteron). Even if the heart of the processor seems equivalent, the various models differ mainly by their external components.

The athlon 64 in the general direction use a mixed internal architecture 32 - 64 bits. They are thus able to use operating systems 32 bits (Windows 95/98/me/2000/NT/XP) and operating system 64 bits (currently semi-2004: Linux even if a version Windows 64 bits is under development - specific versions Windows server).

Itanium of INTEL use only one architecture 64 bits, they can thus use only operating system 64 bits.

A processor 64 bits using an operating system 64 bits can jointly use applications 32 and 64 bits. On the other hand, case of the AMD, a processor 64 bits turning on an operating system 32 bits can make turn only of the applications 32 bits. Conversely, a processor 32 bits can use only operating systems and applications 32 bits.

A broad part of the information taken again on this page comes directly from the site of AMD.

Northbridge

In the part "Northbridge", one will find the interface memory DDR. It is the first difference between different the processor from the family 64 bits from AMD. Athlon 64 manage an external data bus of 64 bits, the FX and Opteron of the data buses of 128 Bits. As these processors manage memories ECC, Athlon 64 bits will accept memory ECC on 8 bits of control against 16 bits-ECC for the others. The socket processor is thus different for the 64 and 64 FX.Part JTAG - Debug is related to the difficulty in testing complex electronic circuits. This developed method fine of the Eighties makes it possible to test "outside" the electronic circuit by memorizing the values of entries and exits. It thus is not directly used in the PC.

Hyper transport is the fast bus allowing connection between northbridge and Southbridge. The number of channels is 1 for Athlon 64 and Athlon 64FX. For the opteron, it is of 3 channels. Each channel is able to transfer 3,2 GB/s in each direction (6,4 GB/s on the whole).

All this explains in particular different the socket for the family Athlon 64, Athlon 64: socket 754, advanced mid- 2004 towards the socket 939 which manages Dual Channel

Athlon 64 FX: socket 940 (identical to the opteron), advanced mid- 2004 towards the socket 939 (identical to Athlon64). First Athlon FX51 were thus of Opteron with 2 of the three channels hyper decontaminated transport. Athlon FX53 becomes again Athlon 64 (which it replaces) with a more important mask.

INTEL PROCESSOR Specifications..

INTEL PROCESSOR Specifications..

T9500 6MB L2 2.60 GHz 800 MHz
T9300 6MB L2 2.50 GHz 800 MHz
T8300 3MB L2 2.40 GHz 800 MHz
T8100 3MB L2 2.10 GHz 800 MHz
T7800 4 MB L2 2.60 GHz 800 MHz
T7700 4 MB L2 2.40 GHz 800 MHz
T7600 4 MB L2 2.33 GHz 667 MHz
T7500 4 MB L2 2.20 GHz 800 MHz
T7400 4 MB L2 2.16 GHz 667 MHz
T7300 4 MB L2 2 GHz 800 MHz
T7250 2 MB L2 2 GHz 800 MHz
T7200 4 MB L2 2 GHz 667 MHz
T7100 2 MB L2 1.80 GHz 800 MHz
T5750 2 MB L2 2 GHz 667 MHz
T5600 2 MB L2 1.83 GHz 667 MHz
T5550 2 MB L2 1.83 GHz 667 MHz
T5500 2 MB L2 1.66 GHz 667 MHz
L7500 4 MB L2 1.60 GHz 800 MHz
L7400 4 MB L2 1.50 GHz 667 MHz
L7300 4 MB L2 1.40 GHz 800 MHz
L7200 4 MB L2 1.33 GHz 667 MHz
U7700 2 MB L2 1.33 GHz 533 MHz
U7600 2 MB L2 1.20 GHz 533 MHz
U7500 2 MB L2 1.06 GHz 533 MHz

8-BIT Microcontroller

Features· Compatible with MCS-51 Products · 4 Kbytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash MemoryEndurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles · Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz · Three-Level Program Memory Lock · 128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM · 32 Programmable I/O Lines · Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters · Six Interrupt Sources · Programmable Serial Channel · Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes

Pin Configurations PDIP/CerdipDescriptionThe AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4Kbytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). Thedevice is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technologyand is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51Ô instruction set and pinout.The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or bya conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPUwith Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputerwhich provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded controlapplications.

The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bittimer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture,a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clockcircuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with staticlogic for operation down to zero frequency and supportstwo software selectable power saving modes. The IdleMode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters,serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning.The Power Down Mode saves the RAM contents butfreezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions untilthe next hardware reset.

When the AT89C51 is executing code from external programmemory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle,except that two PSEN activations are skipped duringeach access to external data memory.EA/VPPExternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND inorder to enable the device to fetch code from external programmemory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will beinternally latched on reset.EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enablevoltage (VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require12-volt VPP.XTAL1Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to theinternal clock operating circuit.XTAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Operating System

Computers are machines that perform tasks or calculations according to a set of instructions, or programs. The first fully electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s, were huge machines that required teams of people to operate. Compared to those early machines, today's computers are amazing. Not only are they thousands of times faster, they can fit on your desk, in your lap, or even in your pocket.

Computers work through an interaction of hardware and software. Hardware refers to the parts of a computer that you can see and touch, including the case and everything inside it. The most important piece of hardware is a tiny rectangular chip inside your computer called the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor. It's the "brain" of your computer—the part that translates instructions and performs calculations. Hardware items such as your monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and other components are often called hardware devices, or devices.

Software refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do. A word processing program that you can use to write letters on your computer is a type of software. The operating system (OS) is software that manages your computer and the devices connected to it. Two well-known operating systems are Windows and Mac OS. Your computer uses the Windows operating system.

ENIAC PC (1946)

Introduced in 1946, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was built for the United States military to calculate the paths of artillery shells. Physically, ENIAC was enormous, weighing more than 27,000 kilograms (60,000 pounds) and filling a large room. To process data, ENIAC used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, each the size of a small light bulb. The tubes burned out easily and had to be constantly replaced.

XEON BY INTEL

The Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 7300 series, based on the Intel® Core™ microarchitecture, offers leading scalable performance and best-in-class virtualization for server consolidation.Experience up to 2x greater scalable performance¹ 2.5x greater virtualization performance², and 3x performance per watt³ than the industry-leading Dual-Core Intel Xeon processor in the same power envelope. These quad-core-based servers enable you to be more productive and reduce data center space, power and administration/operation costs by consolidating your data center onto fewer servers.80-watt Intel Xeon processors set new standards in energy efficiency. The E7340, E7330, E7320 processors provide 15 percent up to 47 percent decreases in power.◊ For ultradense deployments the 50-watt Intel Xeon processor L7345 provides 47 percent up to 67 percent decrease in power§ from Intel® dual-core 95- and 150-watt processors.

sSpec Number:CPU Speed:PCG:Bus Speed:Bus/Core Ratio:L2 Cache Size:L2 Cache Speed:SL9YM2.66 GHz

1333 MHz88 MB2.66 GHzPackage Type:Manufacturing Technology:Core Stepping:CPUID String:Thermal Design Power:Thermal Specification:VID Voltage Range:LGA77165 nmB306F7h120W65°C1.162V-1.200V

linux on xeon

$ uname -aLinux lanmaster 2.6.22-14-generic #1 SMP Sun Oct 14 21:45:15 GMT 2007 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ cat /proc/cpuinfoprocessor : 0vendor_id : GenuineIntelcpu family : 15model : 4model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.20GHzstepping : 1cpu MHz : 3200.210cache size : 1024 KBphysical id : 0siblings : 2core id : 0cpu cores : 1fpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 5wp : yesflags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtprbogomips : 6404.88clflush size : 64cache_alignment : 128address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management:

processor : 1vendor_id : GenuineIntelcpu family : 15model : 4model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.20GHzstepping : 1cpu MHz : 3200.210cache size : 1024 KBphysical id : 3siblings : 2core id : 0cpu cores : 1fpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 5wp : yesflags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtprbogomips : 6400.81clflush size : 64cache_alignment : 128address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management:

processor : 2vendor_id : GenuineIntelcpu family : 15model : 4model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.20GHzstepping : 1cpu MHz : 3200.210cache size : 1024 KBphysical id : 0siblings : 2core id : 0cpu cores : 1fpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 5wp : yesflags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtprbogomips : 6400.78clflush size : 64cache_alignment : 128address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management:

processor : 3vendor_id : GenuineIntelcpu family : 15model : 4model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.20GHzstepping : 1cpu MHz : 3200.210cache size : 1024 KBphysical id : 3siblings : 2core id : 0cpu cores : 1fpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 5wp : yesflags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtprbogomips : 6400.85clflush size : 64cache_alignment : 128address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management:

dmesg grep -i throttling[ 55.718656] ACPI: Processor [CPU0] (supports 8 throttling states)[ 55.718683] ACPI: Processor [CPU1] (supports 8 throttling states)[ 55.718704] ACPI: Processor [CPU2] (supports 8 throttling states)[ 55.718725] ACPI: Processor [CPU3] (supports 8 throttling states)

$ lsmod grep -i cpufreqcpufreq_stats 8160 0cpufreq_conservative 9608 0cpufreq_userspace 6048 0cpufreq_powersave 3072 0cpufreq_ondemand 10896 0freq_table 6464 2 cpufreq_stats,cpufreq_ondemand

$ sudo modprobe acpi_cpufreqFATAL: Error inserting acpi_cpufreq (/lib/modules/2.6.22-14-generic/kernel/arch/x86_64/kernel/cpufreq/acpi-cpufreq.ko): No such device

$ sudo cpufreq-selector -g ondemandNo cpufreq support

Architecture

To design optimized code to run on Pentium III and future IA-32 processors, the best approach is to optimize with a forward-looking perspective. The IA-32 Intel® Architecture Optimization Reference Manual (Order Number 248966) addresses the programmer?s need to deliver highly-optimized results for current and future generations of IA-32 processors using a common code base. The IA-32 Intel® Architecture Optimization Reference Manual is the recommended reference manual for creating highly-optimized applications to run on Pentium III and Pentium 4 processors.The Intel® Architecture Optimization Reference Manual (Order number 245127) provides information on the micro-architecture of the Pentium III processor, and describes code optimization techniques to enable you to tune your application for optimized results specifically on Pentium Pro, Pentium II and Pentium III processors.

86 Family CPU

No one can seem to tell me the difference between the two (45nm and x38)? What do these numbers mean, and are they both just CPU’s of different generations? I can’t seem to see these numbers in any specifications for processors, so how do you know which processors are which? I hope you can help, since no one I know can tell me. It’s important because I want to buy a new motherboard and want to make sure everything is compatible. Also, if you can tell me, what does the 775 number mean? I sent a copy of this to my brother, who knows a lot more about computers than I do.A few quick answers for you:The 775 number refers to a “775 socket”. A computer’s CPU will plug into a certain type of slot on the motherboard. The 775 socket is a certain type of slot. If you have a motherboard with a 775 socket type, and you’re purchasing a CPU for it, you want to make sure the CPU is also a 775 socket type.The “x38″ number you mention is probably a partial description. It’s most likely a variation of “x386″ or “x86″. A 386 processor or “x86″ processor is a certain type of CPU used in old computers. Compared to today’s machines, this processor was very slow.Finally, “45nm”: This is a certain type of advanced processor. Read for more detail on the 45nm semiconductor.All these numbers are pretty technical, and are generally not considered when purchasing a new PC. (That’s for the general population - if you’re a techie, these numbers might be pretty important!) Also see this link for minimum hardware recommendations when purchasing a new computer.

History Of INTEL...

Computers have changed in their ability in one simple dimension. They've become faster, and in a very predictable manner. The number of devices of a chip - that is the circuit elements in a logic circuit - Gordon Moore predicted with incredible perspicacity in 1965 to double every 18 months.Computers have changed in their ability in one simple dimension. They've become faster, and in a very predictable manner. The number of devices of a chip - that is the circuit elements in a logic circuit - Gordon Moore predicted with incredible perspicacity in 1965 to double every 18 months.In 1968, Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore were two unhappy engineers working for the Fairchild Semiconductor Company who decided to quit and create their own company at a time when many Fairchild employees were leaving to create start-ups. People like Noyce and Moore were nicknamed the "Fairchildren".Bob Noyce typed himself a one page idea of what he wanted to do with his new company, and that was enough to convince San Francisco venture capitalist Art Rock to back Noyce's and Moore's new venture. Rock raised $2.5 million dollars in less than 2 days.The name "Moore Noyce" was already trademarked by a hotel chain, so the two founders decided upon the name "Intel" for their new company, a shortened version of "Integrated Electronics".Intel's first money making product was the 3101 Schottky bipolar 64-bit static random access memory (SRAM) chip.The 4004 was the world's first universal microprocessor. In the late 1960s, many scientists had discussed the possibility of a computer on a chip, but nearly everyone felt that integrated circuit technology was not yet ready to support such a chip. Intel's Ted Hoff felt differently; he was the first person to recognize that the new silicon-gated MOS technology might make a single-chip CPU (central processing unit) possible.Hoff and the Intel team developed such an architecture with just over 2,300 transistors in an area of only 3 by 4 millimetres. With its 4-bit CPU, command register, decoder, decoding control, control monitoring of machine commands and interim register, the 4004 was one heck of a little invention. Today's 64-bit microprocessors are still based on similar designs, and the microprocessor is still the most complex mass-produced product ever with more than 5.5 million transistors performing hundreds of millions of calculations each second - numbers that are sure to be outdated fast.

WORLD OF INTEL ®

Intel® Core™2 Extreme Extreme exhilaration. Extreme enjoyment. Whether it's gaming, digital photography, or video editing, today's high-impact entertainment demands breakthroughtechnology. Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry todeliver even greater performance and power efficiency.